SUMMARY.  This post looks at other ways beyond Celiac and NCGS, that wheat can affect EVERYONE and includes new groundbreaking research being presented in Vienna.  The bottom line:  Move over gluten, ATI wrecks guts too, and… we have a new picture of what the inflamed gut looks like!  ATIs, or amylase-trypsin inhibitors, are non-gluten proteins in wheat.  ATIs activate specific types of immune cells [toll-like receptor 4] in the gut and other tissues.   ATIs can trigger gut immune reactions that can spread to other tissues in the body.  How bad can this get?  “ATIs can lead to the development of inflammation in tissues beyond the gut, including the lymph nodes, kidneys, spleen and brain.   ATIs can worsen the symptoms of pre-existing inflammatory based conditions like RA, MS, asthma, lupus, IBD, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease…”   The final big hit:  “ATIs may contribute to the development of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).”  No wonder so many feel better ditching wheat since you knock out both gluten and ATIs AND decrease inflammation not just in the gut, but systemically!  For an example, IBD and neurological  association to ATI is discussed below!  What about the  non-gluten containing staples you may be consuming?  Those displayed no or little of the toll like receptor 4 stimulating activity whereas ATIs displayed much!